What function does the hypoglossal nerve primarily serve?

The hypoglossal nerve primarily serves the function of controlling the motor function of the tongue. It is a cranial nerve that is essential for movements such as speech and swallowing. This nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, facilitating activities like manipulation of food, articulation of speech, and clearing of the oral cavity.

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue manage its shape, whereas the extrinsic muscles are responsible for moving the tongue in various directions. Proper motor control is vital for normal tongue function, affecting communication and the swallowing process. Thus, the hypoglossal nerve plays a critical role in these functions, distinguishing it from others that may focus on sensory modalities, such as taste or vision.